RATIO AND PROPORTION

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Ratio
  • Ratio compares quantity of the same kind in the same unit.
  • Ratio between two quantities a and b, is written as a : b and expressed as a fraction a/b. You can read the ratio between a and b as 'a is to b'.
  • a and b are called the terms of the ratio.
  • a is called antecedent and b is called the consequent.
  • Ratio has no unit.
  • Ratios are compared in the same ways as the fractions are compared.
Proportion

  • Two equal ratio forms a proportion, e.g. 1/3 = 4/12 and can be written as 1 :3 : : 4 : 12.
  • In general, if four numbers a, b, c, d are in proportion, i.e., a : b : : c : d then a/b = c/d. a and d are called extremes and b and c are called the means. 
  • Product of extremes = product of means i.e. ad = bc.
  • Three quantities a, b and c are in proportion, if a : b : : b : c.
  • Mean propotional between a and c is square root of ac.

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